Speech sounds production
Some children are difficult to understand, leave sounds out of words, or swap one sound for another long after their friends have moved on. Others become frustrated and cross because people can't follow what they're saying.
I assess which sounds your child can and can't produce, work out the pattern behind the errors, and using the most up-to-date developmental guidelines, build a therapy plan that targets the sounds and patterns that will make the biggest difference to how well they're understood. Our goals are always based on their age and stage of development.
This includes Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS), a motor speech disorder where the difficulty lies in planning, sequencing, and executing the movements for speech. Children with severe speech sound disorders and CAS usually make their best progress with weekly, or sometimes twice-weekly, therapy.
- 2–3 years p, b, d, m, n, h, w
- 3–4 years t, k, g, ng, f, y
- 4–5 years v, s, z, sh, ch, j, l
- 5–6 years th (voiced), zh, r
- 6–7 years th (voiceless)
Ages by which most children produce each sound. Every child is different — this is a guide, not a deadline. Based on studies reporting a 90% criterion.
Source: Crowe, K., & McLeod, S. (2020). Children’s English Consonant Acquisition in the United States: A Review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.